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State variables in Solidity are always stored in:

  1. Storage

  2. Memory

  3. The stack

  4. The heap

The correct answer is: Storage

State variables in Solidity are always stored in storage because storage is a permanent data location that provides a persistent record on the blockchain. This means that any data stored in state variables remains available even after the function execution is completed, allowing for data retrieval in future function calls or transactions. Storage is specifically designed for keeping data that is needed over the life of the contract. It is more costly in terms of gas fees to read from and write to storage compared to other data locations, but it is essential for maintaining the state of the contract. In contrast, memory is a temporary storage area that only exists during the execution of a function and does not retain information after the function call. The stack is utilized for managing local function variables and quick computations, while the heap is more relevant for complex data structures and memory allocation during contract execution but does not apply to state variables in Solidity.